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@article{202108,
        author = {Mr. Hansraj Gautam and ProfDrSourbhi Dutta},
        title = {Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Stable Germylene and Stannylene Complexes for Catalytic Studies},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {12},
        pages = {6021-6024},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=202108},
        abstract = {Germylenes and stannylenes are important classes of low-valent Group 14 compounds that have attracted increasing attention due to their unusual bonding, ambiphilic behavior and catalytic potential. However, their practical application depends strongly on their stability, purity and structural confirmation. This paper discusses the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of stable germylene and stannylene complexes designed for catalytic studies. The role of ligand design in stabilizing low-valent germanium and tin centers is critically examined. Spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, UV-Visible spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction are discussed as essential tools for confirming compound formation. The paper further explains how changes in spectral bands, chemical shifts, elemental composition and structural parameters support coordination, product formation and catalytic suitability. The study concludes that stable germylene and stannylene complexes can serve as valuable platforms for catalytic organic transformations if their synthesis and characterization are systematically optimized.},
        keywords = {Germylene, stannylene, synthesis, spectral characterization, FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis, catalysis.},
        month = {May},
        }