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@article{185569,
        author = {Akanksha V Kulkarni and Sara Pothen},
        title = {Language and Communication in Down Syndrome},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {5},
        pages = {1977-1988},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=185569},
        abstract = {Although, language and communication are essential components of human interaction, people with down syndrome (DS) complete face unique development challenges in the areas that are influenced by genetic and cognitive variables. This review summarizes research from recent studies investing the behavioural effect and neurological core relates of communication in DS. In contrast to relative strength and social engagement and nonverbal communication, the evidence suggests that structural and functional abnormalities in the brain region such as the cerebellum, the superior temporal gyrus and Broca's area contribute to deficits in phonology syntax and expressive language. Language acquisition is further influenced by cognitive and environmental factors including working memory limitations and auditory processing issues. Even yet, early and tailored interventions show great promise for enhancing expressive skills and social engagement, especially when they incorporate argumentative and alternative communication technology. This paper underscores the necessity for trans disciplinary longitudinal, and neurobiologically informed approaches as well as the methodological string and limits of various studies. In conclusion that communication in DS should be seen as a dynamic and adaptor process that is influenced by neuro development and variety and enhanced by early inclusive, and evidence-based support rather than just a weakness.},
        keywords = {Down Syndrome, Language, Verbal and Nonverbal communication},
        month = {October},
        }