Copyright © 2025 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{188221,
        author = {Aditya Rana and Khundrakpam Sarita Devi and Dr. K. Latha},
        title = {A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Helfer Skin Tap Technique on Pain during Intramuscular Injection among Infants at Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Jamuhar, B},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {1023-1025},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188221},
        abstract = {Background: Intramuscular (IM) injections in infants are frequently associated with moderate to severe pain, which can cause physiological stress and anxiety. The Helfer Skin Tap (HST) technique is a simple non-pharmacological method used to reduce pain by stimulating sensory nerves prior to needle insertion. Objectives: To assess and compare the post-test pain level among infants receiving IM injections between the study and control groups. To determine the effectiveness of Helfer Skin Tap technique in reducing IM injection pain among infants. To find the association between post-test pain levels and selected demographic variables in both groups. Methods: A quasi-experimental post-test–only control group design was used. Sixty infants (30 study, 30 control) receiving IM injections were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. Pain was assessed using the FLACC scale immediately after injection. Descriptive and inferential statistics (frequency, percentage, and independent t-test) were applied. Results: Most infants in both groups were aged 2.1–4 months (study 70%, control 73.33%). The mean post-test FLACC pain score was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. All infants received injections at the vastus lateralis site. A statistically significant reduction in pain was observed in the study group (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between demographic variables and pain scores in either group. Conclusion: Helfer Skin Tap technique is an effective non-pharmacological method to reduce pain during intramuscular injection among infants. It is simple, cost-effective, and can be easily practiced by nurses in pediatric units.},
        keywords = {Helfer Skin Tap, Intramuscular injection, Infant pain, FLACC scale, Non-pharmacological methods},
        month = {December},
        }