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@article{189035,
        author = {DEEP VARMA and Dr Nitin Y Patil},
        title = {Literature Review on Sawdust Briquettes Quality and Briquetting Machine Die Durability Through Integration of Cotton Stalk Charcoal as Partial Biomass Substitute.},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {4671-4674},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189035},
        abstract = {The use of agricultural residues for producing solid biofuels is an increasingly important route toward sustainable energy. Sawdust-based briquettes are widely used because of favorable energy and handling properties, but briquette quality and production costs are sensitive to feedstock composition and machine wear. Cotton stalks—abundant agro-residue in many cotton-growing regions—can be pyrolysed to produce charcoal (biochar) with higher fixed-carbon and heating value than raw stalk material. This review synthesizes experimental and modelling studies on (1) the physical, chemical and combustion properties of sawdust briquettes; (2) properties of cotton-stalk-derived charcoal and its suitability as a partial substitute in briquette formulations; and (3) effects of feedstock composition on wear and durability of briquetting machine dies (piston, ring-die, and screw types). We identify mechanistic links between charcoal substitution, briquette mechanical and thermal performance, and expected changes in die wear regimes. Finally we outline critical experimental gaps and propose a prioritized research agenda (tribological testing, long-duration industrial trials, and life-cycle assessment) required to verify whether cotton-stalk charcoal can reliably improve briquette quality while extending die life.},
        keywords = {Biochar briquetting die wear, calorific value, cotton stalk charcoal, mechanical durability, sawdust briquettes.},
        month = {December},
        }