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@article{191179,
        author = {P Mokshagna},
        title = {Low-Methanol Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil: A Sustainable Route to High-Yield Fuel Oil Production},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {5729-5733},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=191179},
        abstract = {This study explores the production of fuel oil from used cooking oil (UCO) via transesterification. UCO was characterized for free fatty acids, viscosity, and density to optimize reaction conditions. For oils with high FFA, a two-step esterification and base-catalyzed transesterification was applied. Key parameters include alcohol-to-oil ratio, catalyst concentration, temperature, and time were optimized to maximize yield. The produced biodiesel met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, showing comparable fuel quality to virgin oils. Utilizing UCO provides environmental and economic benefits by converting waste into renewable fuel. This study highlights UCO as a sustainable, low-cost feedstock for biodiesel production.},
        keywords = {Fuel Oil, Used Cooking Oil, Transesterification, Renewable Fuel, Waste Valorization.},
        month = {January},
        }