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@article{192493,
        author = {Vaishnavi Patil and Dr. Vaishali Jagtap},
        title = {PREVALENCE OF HAMSTRING TIGHTNESS IN WESTERN TOILET USERS IN URBAN AREAS},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {9},
        pages = {1154-1159},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=192493},
        abstract = {Background - Flexibility –the ability to rotate a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM. The flexibility dysfunction is a widespread problem which is faced by the common people. The musculoskeletal disorders are the group of disorders that influence on the musculoskeletal system involving nerves, tendons, and the muscles & supporting structures. The muscle tightness leads to an imbalance when acting on the joint and in the long term it can lead to pain and weakness Also it can result in a number of issues which can lead to some difficulties while walking and doing other activities. Physical activity leads to the working of the circulatory system to provide oxygen-rich blood throughout the whole body to the muscles. When sedentary the muscles can go into tightness due to lack of oxygen. When sitting for long periods, a person may round the shoulder involuntary. This position can cause shallow breathing which will cause a reduction in the oxygen flow to the muscle tissues. Inability to extend the knee over 160 degrees with the hip at 90 degrees is an indicator of hamstring tightness. The flexibility in modern people is usually reduced. The habit of toileting can affect the flexibility of most of the population.  
Methodology- The study group consisted of 92 people including both the male and female, of age group 40 – 60 years who use western toilet. Straight leg raise test & Active knee extension test was used as outcome tool to measure the hamstring tightness.
Results- In this study, after the data analysis, it was found that there is a significant prevalence of hamstring tightness in western toilet users.
Conclusion- In the final analysis, it is concluded that, western toilet users had a considerable prevalence of hamstring tightness in western toilet users in urban areas, it is also concluded that hamstring tightness is more likely to develop bilaterally in people who use western toilets than unilaterally.},
        keywords = {Hamstring muscle, Tightness, Western toilet users.},
        month = {February},
        }