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@article{207723,
        author = {G.Gunamathi and S.Aswin and R.Bathmanathan and M.Bharath},
        title = {Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Analysis and Identification of Bioactive Compounds Using GC-MS Technique of Croton bonplandianus Baill.},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {3},
        pages = {2275-2282},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=207723},
        abstract = {Croton bonplandianus Baill. (Euphorbiaceae), popularly known as Ban Tulsi, is a widely distributed medicinal weed traditionally used for wounds, skin infections, inflammation and gastrointestinal disorders, yet its phytochemical profile remains incompletely standardised. The present study was undertaken to carry out the pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of the leaves of C. bonplandianus and to identify their bioactive constituents using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The powdered leaves were successively extracted with water, ethanol and petroleum ether by the Soxhlet method. Macroscopic and microscopic (transverse-section) evaluation of the petiole and leaf was carried out for pharmacognostic standardisation, and each extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening followed by GC-MS analysis. The aqueous extract showed the highest percentage yield (22%), followed by petroleum ether (18.5%) and ethanol (4.87%). Microscopic evaluation revealed diagnostic features including collateral vascular bundles, rosette crystals, oil globules and abundant phenolic content. Phytochemical screening showed that the ethanolic extract possessed the widest range of secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, quinones, tannins and diterpenes. GC-MS analysis identified numerous bioactive constituents across the three extracts, predominantly phenolic acids, fatty acids, terpenoids, aromatic esters and nitrogen-containing derivatives, many of which are reported to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic properties. These findings provide a chemical fingerprint that supports the traditional medicinal use of C. bonplandianus and lay a scientific foundation for its future standardisation, quality control and bioassay-guided isolation of individual bioactive compounds.},
        keywords = {Croton bonplandianus; Pharmacognosy; Phytochemical screening; GC-MS; Soxhlet extraction; Bioactive compounds},
        month = {August},
        }