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@article{208092,
        author = {Jashanpreet Kaur},
        title = {CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA: A SOCIO-LEGAL ANALYSIS OF LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS, JUDICIAL EFFICACY, AND POST-NIRBHAYA REFORMS},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {4},
        pages = {293-299},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=208092},
        abstract = {Gender-based violence remains a critical challenge in India despite constitutional protections under Articles 14, 15, and 21. This research paper examines the legal and social framework governing crimes against women, ranging from domestic abuse to sexual assault. It analyzes major legislative developments, with a specific focus on the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act of 2013 introduced after the December 2012 Nirbhaya case. The study evaluates key statutes, including the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005), the Dowry Prohibition Act (1961), Section 498A of the IPC, and the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act (2013). By assessing issues such as low conviction rates, police delays, and social stigma, this paper highlights systemic gaps in enforcement and proposes practical socio-legal reforms, including the criminalization of marital rape and mandatory gender sensitization for public officials.},
        keywords = {Gender Justice, Domestic Violence, Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013, Nirbhaya Case, Justice Verma Committee, Workplace Sexual Harassment, Judicial Activism, Marital Rape.},
        month = {September},
        }