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@article{189604,
        author = {Nilangekar Sakshi Dayanand and Sirgire Kavita S. and Pathan Atika Latif and Mujawar Ayesha Ramjan and Kalegore Sumit Mahavir},
        title = {Multifactorial Hyperpigmentation Disorder : Melasma},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {7457-7463},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189604},
        abstract = {Melasma is a common acquired skin disorder characterized by symmetrical brown or gray-brown patches, primarily appearing on sun-exposed areas of the face. It most frequently affects women of reproductive age and individuals with darker skin tones. The exact cause of melasma remains multifactorial, involving a complex interaction between genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy or from oral contraceptives, thyroid dysfunction, and genetic predisposition are among the main contributors. Recent studies also highlight the roles of oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular factors in its development. Understanding these causative mechanisms is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Early identification of triggering factors and patient education remain key in managing melasma and reducing recurrence.},
        keywords = {Melasma, Hyperpigmentation, Symptoms, Causes, Hormonal factors, Ultraviolet radiation, Genetics, Pathogenesis},
        month = {December},
        }