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@article{207312,
        author = {Prajakta Keshav Pakhare and Aditya Patil and Rushikesh Gitte and Preeti G. Karade},
        title = {Advanced Proniosomal Drug Delivery Systems: Formulation Strategies, Surface Engineering, Clinical Translation, and Future Perspectives},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {3},
        pages = {287-297},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=207312},
        abstract = {Proniosomes represent a transformative generation of pro-vesicular carrier platforms designed to circumvent the thermodynamic and kinetic instabilities inherent to conventional aqueous vesicular systems like liposomes and niosomes. Formulated as dry, free-flowing powders or isotropic liquid-crystalline gels composed of non-ionic surfactants, membrane-stabilizing lipids, and water-soluble carrier substrates, proniosomes spontaneously rehydrate upon contact with biological fluids or aqueous media to form uniform, nanoscale niosomal vesicles. This review critically synthesizes the state-of-the-art in proniosomal technology, evaluating molecular formulation architectures, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) optimization, and advanced preparation techniques spanning spray drying, coacervation-phase separation, and microfluidics. Furthermore, we dissect recent breakthroughs in surface engineering, including PEGylation, ligand bioconjugation for active tumor targeting, and stimuli-responsive smart matrices. The paper rigorously analyzes mathematical kinetics governing drug entrapment, membrane transport, and sustained release across transdermal, oral, ocular, pulmonary, and parenteral routes. Finally, key translational bottlenecks—including critical quality attributes (CQAs), scale-up mechanics, regulatory pathways, and toxicity profiles—are systematically evaluated to establish a roadmap for commercial clinical deployment.},
        keywords = {Proniosomes, Pro-vesicular nanocarriers, non-ionic surfactants, In situ hydration, Transdermal permeation, Targeted drug delivery,},
        month = {August},
        }