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@article{210681,
        author = {Hemanshi Agarwal and Rupak Roy},
        title = {Comparative Effects of Paracetamol Exposure and Light Regimes on Early Seedling Growth of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {13},
        number = {6},
        pages = {1759-1769},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=210681},
        abstract = {Light availability and exposure to pharmaceutical residues may influence early crop plant growth and development. This study compared the effects of paracetamol exposure under natural day–night conditions, continuous light, and continuous darkness on early seedling growth in rice (Oryza sativa L.), a monocotyledonous plant, and green gram (Vigna radiata L.), a dicotyledonous plant. Seedlings were maintained under six experimental conditions for each plant species: three light regimes, each with either normal water or paracetamol solution. The experimental observations were recorded over five days, with shoot height and root length measured daily. We used 20 mL of liquid per plant and defined the paracetamol treatment as a solution prepared from a 650 mg tablet. Both plant species showed progressive increases in shoot height and root length during the observation period, although growth varied by light regime and treatment. On day 5, rice seedlings under natural day–night conditions showed a shoot height of 6.8 cm and a root length of 5.0 cm in the normal-water group, compared with 5.6 cm and 3.9 cm, respectively, in the paracetamol-treated group. Similarly, green gram seedlings under natural day–night conditions attained a shoot height of 4.8 cm and a root length of 3.6 cm in the control group, compared with 3.9 cm and 2.8 cm, respectively, following paracetamol treatment. The lowest growth measurements were observed under continuous darkness in both species. Overall, the observations indicate that growth responses differed between plant species and illumination conditions, while paracetamol-treated seedlings consistently had lower shoot heights and root lengths than their controls. These findings provide preliminary descriptive evidence of the potential influence of paracetamol exposure and light availability on early seedling development. Further experiments using defined paracetamol concentrations, biological replicates, and statistical analysis are needed to establish dose-dependent effects and determine whether the observed differences are significant.},
        keywords = {Paracetamol; seedling growth; rice (Oryza sativa); green gram (Vigna radiata); photoperiod; continuous illumination; continuous darkness; root elongation; shoot development; pharmaceutical contaminants; phytotoxicity.},
        month = {November},
        }