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@article{188714,
        author = {DR. IQBAL SINGH and RAVLEEN KAUR},
        title = {Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Uptake in Root vegetables versus Leafy Vegetables under Urban Wastewater Irrigation: A Case Study of Hanumangarh, Rajasthan},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {2881-2884},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188714},
        abstract = {Urban wastewater irrigation has become a common practice in many semi-arid regions of India, including Hanumangarh, Rajasthan, due to water scarcity and agricultural demands. However, this practice is associated with the risk of heavy metal accumulation in soils and crops, posing significant public health risks. This study investigates and compares the uptake of heavy metals like Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu) in root vegetables (carrot, radish, beetroot) and leafy vegetables (spinach, fenugreek, coriander) irrigated with untreated urban wastewater. Field samples were collected from farms near Hanumangarh town and both soil and vegetable tissues were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The findings indicate higher concentrations of Pb and Cd in root vegetables, while leafy vegetables exhibited greater bioaccumulation of Zn and Cu. The concentrations of several metals exceeded permissible limits set by WHO/FAO, raising concerns about food safety. This study highlights the need for stricter wastewater treatment protocols, regular monitoring, and awareness campaigns in regions relying on urban effluent for irrigation.},
        keywords = {Wastewater irrigation, heavy metals, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS Urban effluent},
        month = {December},
        }