Author(s):
Shivendra Singh, Ranjeet Arya
Keywords:
reverse osmosis, pressure exchangers, membrane
Abstract
Unlike solar, wind, wave and other sources of renewable energy, osmotic power plants harness a source of energy that is constantly available--fresh water streams running into the sea--thereby enabling sustainable, renewable power plants that produce constant, uniform electricity, all day, every day. The world's first osmotic power plant officially opened in Norway, providing sustainable, renewable electricity generation 24/7. Unlike solar, wind, wave and other sources of renewable energy, osmotic power plants harness a source of energy that is constantly available--fresh water streams running into the sea--thereby enabling sustainable, renewable power plants that produce constant, uniform electricity, all day, every day. Osmotic power generation harnesses the chemical energy locked in the gradient between salt water and fresh water by using an osmosis process. Osmosis is a process by which water moves through a membrane which blocks other particles, which is how it is used to purify water. For osmotic power it works in reverse, with osmosis drawing fresh water through the membrane to mix with salty water, thereby increasing its pressure which can be harnessed to drive electricity turbines. "The core process is a lot like desalination in reverse”. In desalination we are separating fresh water from salt water, but in osmotic power we are combining fresh water with salt water. The pressure exchanger works similarly to a heat exchanger, essentially transferring the increased pressure from the salty outflow from the osmosis membrane to the fresh-water diluted output so it can drive a turbine. Without the pressure exchanger, the efficiency of the process would be too low to create full-scale osmotic energy generators. "The pressure exchanger transfers pressure from a high-pressure stream to a low-pressure stream with 98 percent efficiency.” Energy Recovery's pressure exchanger devices are currently installed in desalination plants worldwide, where they serve a similar function in increasing the efficiency of the osmosis process. Desalination plants discharge water that has higher salt content than the original sea water, piping the fresh water produced into cities for drinking. Osmotic power plants, on the
Article Details
Unique Paper ID: 147155

Publication Volume & Issue: Volume 5, Issue 5

Page(s): 26 - 30
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