EFFECTS of PULP AND PAPER MILL EFFLUENTS ON SEEDLING GROWTH OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)
Author(s):
Pratibha Singh, Nupoor Srivastava, Poornima Srivastava, Pratibha Singh, R.S.Jagadish
Keywords:
pulp & paper mill Effluent, Chemicals, Seed germination, and wheat.
Abstract
The physico-chemical characteristics of paper mill industry effluent were found to be above the permissible limits prescribed by Indian Irrigation Water Standard. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of paper mill effluent on growth and production of wheat. pulp and paper mill waste has inhibiting effect on the germination of crops, The germination per cent was found to be decreasing at higher concentration levels. The presence of higher concentration of soluble salts and heavy metals are toxic to seed germination. The toxic effects of the effluent again affected the seedling growth. The germination of wheat in 100% effluent was recorded 3%, however in 10% effluent germination rate recorded to 96%. In the 25% effluent germination rate was 85%. But in the control germination rate (per cent) was 100%.The increase in concentration decreases the seedling length (cm) of wheat. Similarly the increase in effluent concentration decreases the seedling length (cm) of wheat. The seed germination inhibition in case of diluted effluent is comparatively lower than the seed germination calculated for 100% effluent.
Article Details
Unique Paper ID: 144819

Publication Volume & Issue: Volume 4, Issue 4

Page(s): 146 - 148
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