Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have been on the forefront of research for thelast several decades. They have been used for a wide variety of applications in various fields. This chapterintroduces the unique behavior that is observed inSMAs. Their characteristic properties and associated microstructural behaviorwill be discussed in detail. The different types of SMAs and some common applications will also be reviewed. Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) refer to agroup of materials which have the abilityto return to a predetermined shape when heated. The shape memory effect is caused by a temperature dependent crystal structure. When an SMA is below its phase transformation temperature, it possesses a low yield strength crystallography referred to as Martensite (see Stress-Strain figure). While in this state, the material can be deformed into other shapes with relatively little force.
The new shape is retained provided the material is kept below its transformation temperature. When heated above this temperature, the material reverts to its parent structure known as Austenite causing it to return to its original shape). This phenomenon can be harnessed to provide a unique and powerful actuator.
Article Details
Unique Paper ID: 144877
Publication Volume & Issue: Volume 4, Issue 5
Page(s): 132 - 138
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