Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral trans boundary disease endemic throughout Africa and of high economic importance that affects cattle and domestic waterbuffaloes. Since 2012, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the Middle Eastern and Balkan regions, southern Caucasus and parts of the Russian Federation. Before vaccination campaigns took their full effect, the disease continued spreading from region to region, mainly showing seasonal patterns despite implementing control and eradication measures. The disease is capable of appearing several hundred kilometers away from initial (focal) outbreak sites within a shorttime period. These incursions have triggered a long-awaited renewed scientificinterest in LSD resulting in the initiation of novel research into broad aspects of thedisease, including epidemiology, modes of transmission and associated risk factors. Long-distance dispersal of LSDV seems to occur via the movement of infected animals, but distinct seasonal patterns indicate that arthropod-borne transmission is most likely responsible for the swift and aggressive short-distance spread of thedisease. Elucidating the mechanisms of transmission of LSDV will enable thedevelopment of more targeted and effective actions for containment and eradication of the virus. The mode of vector-borne transmission of the disease is most likely mechanical, but there is no clear-cut evidence to confirm or disprove this assumption.
Article Details
Unique Paper ID: 156978
Publication Volume & Issue: Volume 9, Issue 5
Page(s): 500 - 506
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