Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world. It can be cast in diverse shapes. Concrete is a composite material forming by the combination of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water in a particular proportion in such a way that the concrete produced meets the needs as regards its workability, strength, durability and economically. Portland cement is normally an essential binder ingredient used in concrete. Cement production consumes a considerable amount of raw material and energy, and releases a large quantity of CO2. Several researchers have made efforts to utilize industrialand agricultural by-products or waste materials for mixed cement production to reduce costs, save resources, reduce energy consumption, and decrease the amount of CO2 generated during OPC production. To reduce carbon emissions, attempts have been made to find substitutes for cement to minimize the environmental impact of the concrete industry. With rapid industrial and agricultural development, large quantities of industrial and agricultural waste have been generated. Disposal of these wastes is a serious environmental problem, as most final wastes go to landfills, which not only reduces useful land area but also pollutes the environment
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Unique Paper ID: 158884
Publication Volume & Issue: Volume 9, Issue 10
Page(s): 989 - 992
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