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@article{161993,
        author = {B. Sujitha},
        title = {Finite element analysis of tunnels in various scenarios and their stabilization using bolts and shotcrete},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {},
        volume = {10},
        number = {7},
        pages = {330-334},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=161993},
        abstract = {In this study, FEM is used to analyse such excavations with the help of PLAXIS 2D and RS2 software. A total of 5 models have been analysed, namely – 1. Settlement due to tunnel construction, 2. NATM tunnel construction, 3. Horseshoe-shaped tunnel with and without support, 4. Tunnel and surface excavation, and 5. A half tunnel. In the third model, a horseshoe-shaped tunnel is analysed for different diameters, lengths, spacings and tensile capacities of the bolts. It is also analysed for different thicknesses and Young’s Moduli of the liner. Different modifications are made in the model by changing spans and heights, and the most suitable modification is suggested.
The results showed that the most critical areas of the tunnel are the crown and the spring line when the tunnel is circular. In the case of a d-shaped tunnel, the shoulder and the spring line are found to be critical. Whereas for the tunnel excavated in the rock, the base is a critical location. In addition, for the horseshoe-shaped tunnel in the rock, it was found that a diameter of 15mm is the most suitable. The liner thickness of 0.35 mm and Young’s modulus of 3100 MPa were found to be most suitable based on the analysis. The design of the half tunnel, which has a span of 13 meters and a height of 14.1 m, was found to be the most stable, although it requires a considerable amount of excavation.
},
        keywords = {Tunnels, Finite Element Method, PLAXIS 2D, Young’s modulus.},
        month = {},
        }