| Nanoemulsion, colloidal particle, preservative, antioxidant, chemoprotectants, phase inversion, zeta potential, stability, dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Submicron colloidal particulate systems, particularly nanoemulsions, represent a pivotal advancement in drug delivery and formulation. These systems, consisting of finely dispersed droplets ranging from 20 to 200 nm, possess unique properties that enhance solubility, bioavailability, and targeted delivery of various pharmaceutical compounds. Nanoemulsions typically comprise oil, surfactant, aqueous phase, and preservatives. The choice and ratio of these components play a crucial role in determining the stability, particle size, and drug release profile of the nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsions offer versatile routes of administration, including oral, topical, parenteral, and pulmonary, widening their applicability across different therapeutic areas. Several methods are employed for nanoemulsion preparation, such as high-energy emulsification and high-pressure homogenization, each offering unique advantages in controlling droplet size and distribution. Characterization techniques like dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and zeta potential measurement are utilized to assess particle size, distribution, surface charge, and stability of nanoemulsions. Understanding the stability mechanisms involving Ostwald ripening, coalescence, and creaming is pivotal in ensuring the long-term stability of nanoemulsions. The future of nanoemulsions holds promise in diverse applications, from drug delivery to cosmetics and food industries, owing to their enhanced stability, solubility, and bioavailability. In summary, nanoemulsions represent a groundbreaking technology with immense potential for revolutionizing drug delivery and various other industries, promising a new era of enhanced therapeutic efficacy and product development. |
