A Comprehensive Review of Urinary Tract Infections: Classification, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Mechanisms of Action, and Treatment Strategies
Author(s):
Ashish Kumar, Golu Rajveer Satyabhavana Sakre Rajni Dubey, Bhaskar kumar gupta
Keywords:
Urinary tract infections, classification, pathophysiology, epidemiology, antiseptics, analgesics.
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections affecting the urinary system, with significant morbidity and healthcare costs worldwide. This comprehensive review aims to provide a detailed examination of UTIs, covering classification, pathophysiology, epidemiology, mechanisms of action, and various treatment strategies. UTIs can be categorized based on anatomical location (lower or upper UTI), microbial etiology (bacterial, fungal, viral), and clinical presentation (uncomplicated or complicated). The pathophysiology involves bacterial adhesion, invasion, and colonization of the urinary tract epithelium, leading to inflammation and clinical symptoms. Epidemiologically, UTIs are more prevalent in females, and risk factors include catheterization, urinary tract abnormalities, and certain medical conditions. Mechanisms of action of UTI treatments include antibiotic inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis, DNA replication, or protein synthesis. Treatment strategies encompass antibiotics, urinary antiseptics, analgesics, and preventive measures such as hydration and hygiene. Understanding the diverse aspects of UTIs is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies.
Article Details
Unique Paper ID: 167219

Publication Volume & Issue: Volume 11, Issue 3

Page(s): 630 - 635
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