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@article{172882,
        author = {Haswanth S S and Dr Velayudham A and Hariharan P and Hariprasath S and Dhivakar M},
        title = {Smart Ultrasonic Walking Stick with Voice Guidance for the Visually Impaired},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {9},
        pages = {1441-1448},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=172882},
        abstract = {The Blind Stick Robot is a high-tech mobility aid that was created to improve the movement and safety precautions taken by blind people. The traditional white cane has low capabilities because it can only give some touch information for any hindrance. Nevertheless, such canes lack the ability to alert users before times of hazards or help in communication during emergencies like wet floors. With the advancement in technology, there has been an increased use of intelligent devices such as sensors and communication modules which are all aimed at ensuring that the user gets everything, he needs from the environment around him in an efficient way. The incorporation of IoT technologies into this inventive aid is intended to promote self-reliance and positivity among visually impaired persons.
The essentiality of this intelligent Stick lies under the ESP32 micro-controller which acts upon various input signals, processes data, and communicates messages properly. It includes a sensor that uses sound waves to determine if there are any obstacles ahead of someone moving with the stick (HC-SR04). This feature helps in the real-time processing of information so that users may easily follow through the provided audile cues and move with confidence even in unknown areas. Also, an additional sensor for detecting the presence of water has been included for identifying slippery surfaces hence 
improving user security by giving alerts on risky environments.
Another important aspect inherent in this innovation is the fact that it speaks; it possesses voice guidance facilitated using some equipment. A combination of these devices with the inclusion of GPS module (NEO-6M) and GSM communication kit (SIM800L) allows for location tracking as well as emergency alerts by the stick. When there is danger around them, they will be able to act by either sending SOS messages or calling particular numbers which will assure them of getting quick help when required most. These functionalities boost its support to users especially in new or hostile environment.
It utilizes power from a 12V lithium-ion battery which is not only light but also durable thus making its energy efficient. This design incorporates an LM2596S voltage regulator for maintaining uniform voltages across all parts of the system. As a result, this effective power system not only increases the stick’s working hours but also makes it reliable everywhere.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {February},
        }