Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{175547,
        author = {Arpit Dwivedi and Arjun K Nadlumane and Jayatheerth P Z and Dr. Srividhya S},
        title = {A Comprehensive Survey of Digital Humans: Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {11},
        pages = {3114-3119},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=175547},
        abstract = {This survey examines the rapidly evolving field of digital humans, exploring the integration
of natural language processing, computer vision, and generative AI technologies that enable
the creation of photorealistic virtual avatars capable of emotionally intelligent interactions. We
analyze key technological approaches including facial animation, speech synthesis, gesture
generation, and real-time rendering techniques. The survey highlights significant advance-
ments in neural rendering, audio-driven facial reenactment, and physically-based rendering
that have contributed to increasingly realistic digital humans. Our findings indicate that while
substantial progress has been made in creating convincing digital avatars, challenges remain
in achieving seamless emotional intelligence, contextual understanding, and cost-effective im-
plementations. We identify promising research directions including multimodal integration,
personalized avatar generation, and expanded applications across healthcare, education, and
entertainment industries.},
        keywords = {Digital humans, Metahumans, Virtual avatars, Neural rendering, Facial animation, Human–computer interaction, Real-time animation.},
        month = {April},
        }