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@article{176152,
        author = {Nimbhorkar Mauli Hanumant and Prof. Thorat Sanjay Dadaso and Dhale Mamta Mahendra and Ubale Sayali Dilip},
        title = {Vaccine Traceability Using Blockchain},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {11},
        pages = {5484-5488},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=176152},
        abstract = {The pharmaceutical sector faces major hurdles such as the circulation of counterfeit medications—particularly vaccines—and inefficiencies in supply chain management involving transparency, data integrity, and traceability. These challenges are intensified by low public awareness and the increasing presence of online pharmacies, which further expose vulnerabilities in the vaccine distribution network. To address these concerns, we introduce TISVSchain, a blockchain-based solution aimed at improving visibility, trust, and traceability within the vaccine supply chain. This framework supports deployment on both public and private blockchains, offering adaptability in tackling counterfeit vaccine threats. We developed the prototype using Remix IDE and Solidity smart contracts, focusing on optimizing gas usage. System performance was analyzed under varying conditions, including changes in block time and network nodes, to evaluate metrics such as transaction throughput, gas efficiency, and propagation delay. The results indicate that TISVSchain enhances security through unique offline account identities and boosts efficiency by reducing gas costs and block losses while maximizing TPS. In conclusion, TISVSchain presents a robust and efficient approach to securing and streamlining vaccine supply chains.},
        keywords = {Blockchain, Vaccine Authentication, Supply Chain Security, Smart Contracts, Transparency, Efficiency},
        month = {April},
        }