Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{176316,
        author = {Yogesh Bihani and Ranjana Jadhav and Khilesh Chaudhari and Abhay Chikte and Rajiv Chaurasiya and Yogiraj Chaukhande},
        title = {A Comprehensive Survey on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): Architectures, Methodologies, and Performance Analysis},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {11},
        pages = {7246-7255},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=176316},
        abstract = {Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have emerged as a crucial technology in modern intelligent transportation systems (ITS). These networks facilitate vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, enabling applications in road safety, traffic optimization, and infotainment. However, the dynamic nature of VANETs introduces significant challenges in network stability, security, latency, and scalability. This survey provides an in-depth analysis of VANET architectures, key methodologies, emerging technologies, and recent advancements. We discuss cutting-edge approaches such as block-chain integration, AI-driven routing protocols, 5G-enabled architectures, and Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based frameworks. The paper also highlights security threats and countermeasures, evaluating the effectiveness of trust management models and intrusion detection systems. Finally, we explore future research directions to enhance the performance, reliability, and scalability of VANETs.},
        keywords = {VANETs, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communication, Block-chain, 5G, Edge Computing, Software-Defined Networking, Cyber-security, Intrusion Detection Systems},
        month = {April},
        }