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@article{178145,
        author = {Praveen Takhar and Praveenkumar and Thokchom Mobisana and Sathvik N G and Mrs. Thrishav V.S},
        title = {IoT-Based Manhole Detection and Monitoring System for Urban Safety},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {2885-2887},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=178145},
        abstract = {Urban safety is increasingly becoming a concern due to the failure to detect and manage underground infrastructure hazards such as displaced manhole covers, sewer overflows, and toxic gas accumulations. Traditional inspection methods are labor-intensive and incapable of providing real-time status updates, leading to delayed responses and potential fatalities. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart manhole monitoring system that uses a combination of gas sensors, ultrasonic distance sensors, and environmental sensors connected to microcontrollers. The system continuously monitors the condition inside manholes and communicates alerts when thresholds are breached. A centralized dashboard provides visualization and logging of the sensor data, enabling urban municipal bodies to respond proactively. The system is scalable, cost-effective, and adaptable to smart city ecosystems. Extensive testing demonstrates the system’s reliability in detecting abnormal conditions such as cover tilting, sludge level rise, gas leaks, and high-pressure buildup indicative of blast threats.},
        keywords = {IoT, manhole safety, gas sensors, sludge detection, urban monitoring, Arduino, smart city, environmental sensing.},
        month = {May},
        }