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@article{178148,
        author = {Durgesh Madhukar Khandare},
        title = {The Interior methods: non-destructive methods for electrical and plumbing installations in concrete structures},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {3730-3735},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=178148},
        abstract = {In contemporary construction, the incorporation of electrical and plumbing systems into concrete buildings is a major challenge, especially when adjustments are required after construction. Conventional approaches tend to include cutting, drilling, or chiseling into set concrete, which may weaken structural integrity, escalate project expenses, and present safety hazards. This study investigates non-destructive techniques (NDMs) as new interior methods for the installation and retrofitting of electrical and plumbing systems in concrete buildings. These techniques use next-generation technologies like Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), infrared thermography, electromagnetic sensors, and 3D scanning to detect embedded components and internal features of the concrete without damaging the structure. The research analyzes the effectiveness, accuracy, and limitations of several NDMs based on a review of recent applications, case histories, and field data. Results show NDMs dramatically enhance safety, efficiency, and accuracy in utility installations, especially in retrofit and renovation applications. The paper concludes by recommending how to choose and apply appropriate non-destructive methods for a given project, and suggests improved awareness, training, and investment in NDM technologies in the construction sector.},
        keywords = {Non-destructive methods, concrete structures, electrical installations, plumbing systems, ground-penetrating radar (GPR).},
        month = {May},
        }