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@article{179607,
        author = {Prasad Popat Bharti and Shubham Samadhan Dudhat and Dhananjay Dadaji Pawar and Dineshwar Dhanraj Patil and Rahul Rajendra Wagh and Yashoda R. Suryawanshi},
        title = {Pharmacogenomics in Personalized Medicine for Chronic Diseases},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {11},
        number = {12},
        pages = {8238-8243},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=179607},
        abstract = {Pharmacogenomics leverages genomic data to tailor drug therapies, transforming personalized medicine for chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic respiratory conditions, and psychiatric disorders. This paper elucidates the mechanisms by which pharmacogenomics optimizes treatment efficacy and minimizes adverse drug reactions (ADRs), emphasizing its role in chronic disease management. Detailed case studies, including trastuzumab for HER2-positive breast cancer and genotype-guided warfarin dosing, illustrate clinical applications. Ethical, legal, and social implications—such as privacy concerns, equitable access, and informed consent—are critically evaluated. Challenges, including cost barriers, standardization, and provider education, are analyzed alongside future directions, such as artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analytics and expanded non-oncology applications. The paper underscores pharmacogenomics’ potential to revolutionize healthcare while highlighting the need for inclusive research, robust policies, and pharmacy-led initiatives to ensure equitable implementation, ultimately improving patient outcomes globally.},
        keywords = {Pharmacogenomics, personalized medicine, chronic diseases, genetic testing, ethics, pharmacy practice.},
        month = {May},
        }