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@article{180127,
        author = {SALEEM SHAIK and RG NAUMAN KHAN},
        title = {UTILIZATION OF COPPER SLAG JHAMMA BRICKS IN HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE.},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {1},
        pages = {113-117},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=180127},
        abstract = {An 
experimental 
investigation 
was 
conducted stating the utilization of Copper Slag as 
Fine Aggregate as replacement of Cement and 
Jhamma Bricks as Coarse Aggregate. Concrete isa 
very useful material and nowadays it is not only used 
for building construction but also used in construction 
of roads, dams, bridges and also many other important 
structures. Copper Slag is a by – product of copper 
extraction by Smelting. Smelting is a process of 
extraction of metal from its ore. During Smelting, 
impurities become Slag which floats onthe molten 
metal. Slag that is quenched in water produces 
annular granules which is disposed of waste. Copper 
Slag is used as a building material, formed into blocks. 
Flue Ash, also known as Pulverized Fuel Ash is a Coal 
combustion product that is composed of particulates 
(fine particles of the burned fuel) that are driven out of 
the coal – fired of boilers together with the gases. Fly 
Ash use in concrete improves the workability of the 
Plastic Concrete, Strength and Durability of the 
hardened Concrete. Jhamma Brick pieces are the over 
burned bricks pieces which are used as Coarse 
Aggregate in Concrete. Further they are used in 
concrete by replacing the regular Concrete materials 
and tests are conducted to check their performance 
with respect to the general Concrete materials.  
Strength},
        keywords = {Copper Slag, Durability, Hardened  Concrete,  Jhamma Bricks, Plastic Concrete,  Pulverized Fuel, Smelting.},
        month = {May},
        }