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@article{181724,
        author = {Dr. Mohammed Shahid},
        title = {Indian Agriculture in the 21st Century: Performance Gaps and Policy Pathways for Sustainable Growth},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {1},
        pages = {5555-5559},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=181724},
        abstract = {Indian agriculture, a cornerstone of the nation’s economy, faces significant challenges in the 21st century despite its historical resilience. Contributing to nearly 17% of GDP and employing over 40% of the workforce, the sector grapples with performance gaps such as low productivity, fragmented landholdings, water scarcity, and climate change impacts. Technological adoption, including precision farming and digital tools, remains uneven, while policy interventions often lack coherence. This article examines these gaps through a review of literature, highlighting disparities in yield, resource use, and market access. It discusses structural issues, such as inadequate credit access and supply chain inefficiencies, and evaluates policy frameworks like the National Agricultural Policy and PM-KISAN. Data tables illustrate yield gaps and irrigation disparities across states. The study proposes pathways for sustainable growth, emphasizing climate-resilient crops, cooperative farming, and enhanced extension services. It underscores the need for integrated policies that balance productivity with environmental sustainability. By addressing these challenges, India can transform its agricultural sector to ensure food security, rural livelihoods, and economic stability in the face of global uncertainties. The article concludes with actionable suggestions, including investment in rural infrastructure, promotion of organic farming, and leveraging technology for inclusive growth, aiming to bridge performance gaps and foster a resilient agricultural ecosystem.},
        keywords = {Indian agriculture, sustainable growth, productivity gaps, policy interventions, climate resilience, technological adoption, food security},
        month = {June},
        }