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@article{183235,
        author = {SONIA SHARMA and Anjali Rathi and Aashish Khokran},
        title = {Comparative Evaluation of Microbial Contamination in Municipal and Groundwater Sources of Meerut},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {3},
        pages = {616-621},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=183235},
        abstract = {This study evaluates microbial water quality from 48 samples collected across Meerut city from municipal taps, hand pumps, and tube wells. Microbial indicators including total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and Escherichia coli were analyzed using membrane filtration. Hand pumps exhibited the highest contamination (mean TC = 76 ± 12 CFU/100 mL) compared to municipal taps (8 ± 3 CFU/100 mL). ANOVA results indicated significant differences among sources (p < 0.001). Tukey HSD confirmed that hand pumps were significantly more contaminated than other sources. Recommendations include improved chlorination, sealing of boreholes, and public awareness.},
        keywords = {Microbial water quality; Total coliforms; Meerut; ANOVA; Tukey HSD; GIS mapping},
        month = {August},
        }