Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{185352,
        author = {SARBJIT KAUR and Rajbir Singh},
        title = {PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN INDIA AND BRAZIL},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {5},
        pages = {981-986},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=185352},
        abstract = {Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical tool used to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. The Human Development Index (HDI) can be defined as a composite statistic of life expectancy, education and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development. India and Brazil are both fast growing developing economies and are performing quite good in economic development. At the same time, both the countries are quite proactive in investing in health, education and other social services to improve the level of human development of their people and are often praised by global community for their social protection schemes. Both these nations are investing a good deal of their GDP in education and due to this investment, education is made free and compulsory for school students for a specific period. The study tries to find the impact of public expenditure on education and its impact on the human development level in these countries by the method of document analysis of the Human Development Reports from 1990 to 2024. The paper is delimited in its scope as it only considers central government expenditure on education and does not include the state or local governments spending on education in both the countries.},
        keywords = {Education, health, human development, public expenditure, social protection schemes},
        month = {October},
        }