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@article{186099,
        author = {Hemapriya C and Dr.K.Saraswathi},
        title = {A Hybrid Weighted Fuzzy C-Means and Improved Cuckoo Search Approach for Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Multi-Hop Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {265-283},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186099},
        abstract = {Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are primarily concerned with conserving energy since small sensor nodes (SNs) have a restricted capacity for batteries and the high costs associated with frequent replacements. Prolonging network lifetime necessitates efficient data gathering and transmission strategies, particularly for multi-hop networks. To address shortcomings in existing clustering-based routing schemes, this work proposes Weighted Fuzzy C-Means with Improved Cuckoo Search Optimization (WFCM-ICSO). This novel hybrid method integrates fuzzy c-means for initial cluster formation with components of ICSO to determine both the optimal number of clusters and the most suitable cluster heads (CHs). Furthermore, we introduce a hierarchical routing paradigm that distinguishes between Direct Cluster Heads (DCHs) and Parent Cluster Heads (PCHs), selected according to several fitness metrics. Acting as intermediate relays for other cluster heads, DCHs and PCHs reduce overhead and transmission energy. The proposed approach is evaluated on networks of 100 nodes. Experimental results indicate that WFCM-ICSO substantially provides a reliable solution for energy-constrained WSN situations by improving network resilience and energy efficiency in comparison to traditional clustering techniques.},
        keywords = {Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Energy Efficiency, Multi-Hop Routing, Weighted Fuzzy C-Means (WFCM), Improved Cuckoo Search Optimization (ICSO), Cluster Head Selection, Hierarchical Routing, Network Lifetime Optimization.},
        month = {October},
        }