Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{186690,
        author = {Ruchi and Priya Mahajan and Mahak Sharma},
        title = {Pyrazoline Derivatives as Emerging Anticancer Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Strategies, Molecular Mechanisms, and Clinical Development},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {2289-2295},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=186690},
        abstract = {Cancer remains one of the leading causes of global mortality, accounting for a significant health burden despite extensive research and therapeutic advancements. The inherent limitations of conventional chemotherapy including severe systemic toxicity, poor selectivity toward malignant cells, development of multidrug resistance, and high relapse rates have intensified the search for novel chemical entities with enhanced anticancer efficacy and improved safety profiles. Among diverse classes of heterocyclic compounds investigated in modern drug discovery, pyrazoline derivatives have emerged as exceptionally promising pharmacophores, exhibiting potent and broad-spectrum anticancer activities. Their unique structural framework, characterized by a five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring with two adjacent nitrogen atoms, offers remarkable chemical versatility, enabling extensive structural modifications and systematic fine-tuning of biological properties. This comprehensive review provides detailed analysis of pyrazoline derivatives as emerging anticancer therapeutics, with emphasis on synthesis strategies, structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms of action, and current progress in clinical development. Pyrazoline chemistry fundamentally relies upon cyclization reactions of chalcones with hydrazine or substituted hydrazine derivatives, generating 2-pyrazoline products through elegant 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition mechanisms. Modern green chemistry approaches including solvent-free synthesis, microwave-assisted reactions, ultrasonic-activated cycloadditions, and innovative multicomponent methodologies have substantially enhanced synthesis efficiency while promoting environmental sustainability.},
        keywords = {Pyrazoline, Anticancer, Heterocyclic compounds, Molecular mechanisms, Drug development.},
        month = {November},
        }