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@article{187163,
        author = {Bhushan S Kolekar and Shravani S Kadam and Mayur R Bhawari and Sneha S Dhamale and Rohit R Khairnar},
        title = {Integration of Genomics and Personalized Medicine in Clinical Research},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {4683-4693},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=187163},
        abstract = {The evolution of genomics in clinical research has updated the practice for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.  Personalized medicine will shift the clinical paradigm away from the use of general treatments for everyone to new, individualized treatment strategies targeting unique individual genomics.  The advancements in genomic technologies such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES), SNP genotyping, and CRISPR gene editing has greatly improved the understanding of genetic variations and how it impacts important drug metabolism and use Pharmacogenomics is a significant aspect of personalized medicine that examines the implications of genetic differences in products a person can use, thereby ensuring optimized dose administration and reducing patient harm in the process.  Hybrid and adaptive designs include genetic markers for patient stratification, adaptive design protocols, and biomarker endpoints in clinical trial designs for rare genetic diseases and cancers.While many barriers to the use of genomic advances remain, including costs, limited read-out, difficult to interpret genomic data, and ethical issues such as informed consent and privacy, the use of artificial intelligence, international collaborations, and additional regulatory guidance will greatly assist in overcoming these challenges.In this review, we discussed the role of genomics, which has already significantly influenced the advancement of clinical research present challenges, and future opportunities to advance personalized, precise, and effective health care.},
        keywords = {Genomics, Personalized Medicine, Clinical Research, Pharmacogenomics, Precision Medicine, Biomarkers},
        month = {November},
        }