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@article{187474,
        author = {Prema and Dr.N.Thenmozhi},
        title = {BHO-AODV: A Secure and Energy-Aware Multipath Routing Protocol Using Blockchain and SFLA–ABC in WSNs},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {5401-5407},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=187474},
        abstract = {This paper presents BHO-AODV, a new wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocol that integrates Bio-Inspired Herding Optimization (BHO), blockchain authentication, and hybrid SFLA–ABC path search to enhance energy efficiency, routing stability, and data security. The protocol starts with the separation of nodes into energy-based clans using BHO for the efficient choice of high-energy nodes. A separating operator further optimizes node selection, improving route reliability. Modified AODV is employed for route discovery, followed by blockchain authentication to make routes unmodifiable. The authenticated routes are afterwards optimized later through Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization in low energy consumption, less delay, and minimum number of hops. Data transmission happens over the most optimal and secured path. It is compared with AODV, LEACH, and Blockchain-AODV protocols' performance. Simulation results indicate that BHO-AODV consumes less energy (0.98 J) and network lifetime (1255 rounds). Furthermore, it provides improved packet delivery ratio (96.3%), end-to-end delay (124.1 ms), and throughput (92.6 kbps). The suggested protocol takes care of security, efficiency, and reliability efficiently and provides a robust solution for current WSN applications.},
        keywords = {Wireless Sensor Networks, Blockchain Security, Energy-Efficient Routing, Multipath Routing, Bio-Inspired Optimization, Data Integrity, Trust-Aware Routing, Network Lifetime},
        month = {November},
        }