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@article{187610,
        author = {Dr. Shantilal Bamta and Mr. Deepak Singh and Dr. Himanshu Saxena},
        title = {Assessment of Sports Infrastructure in Higher Education Institutions of Rajasthan: A Comparative Study of Urban and Rural Colleges},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {6},
        pages = {5801-5805},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=187610},
        abstract = {This study examines the status, quality, and effectiveness of sports infrastructure in 50 colleges across Rajasthan, a region where physical education is gaining prominence yet remains inadequately supported. Using a structured survey method, data were collected from both urban and rural institutions to evaluate key facilities, including playgrounds, indoor courts, gymnasiums, equipment standards, maintenance practices, coaching availability, and administrative support. The analysis reveals that although most colleges possess basic outdoor facilities, the overall condition and usability show significant variation. Approximately 85% of the institutions have playgrounds, but many lack proper maintenance. Advanced facilities such as swimming pools, synthetic tracks, and multipurpose indoor halls are primarily found in urban colleges, highlighting a pronounced urban–rural disparity. Furthermore, student participation in sports remains moderate, with female engagement particularly low due to insufficient inclusive amenities and the scarcity of trained female instructors. Only about half of the colleges employ full-time physical education teachers, limiting structured training opportunities. Despite the restricted sample size and reliance on self-reported data, the study provides a realistic overview of the existing sports infrastructure in Rajasthan’s higher education sector. The findings emphasize the need for improved funding, planned facility development, and stronger policy implementation under initiatives like Khelo India and Fit India to enhance access, participation, and overall sports development in the region.},
        keywords = {Sports infrastructure, Urban–rural sports disparity, Infrastructure quality evaluation.},
        month = {November},
        }