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@article{188662,
        author = {Rahul Singh Rathore},
        title = {IP Strategy and Competitiveness in the Era of IoT and Emerging Technologies},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {2569-2577},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188662},
        abstract = {Michael Porter’s (1980) Five Forces Model identifies competitive rivalry as a central determinant of profitability. Firms operating in markets with lower competitive rivalry experience more stable and superior profits. In contemporary technological ecosystems, organisations increasingly rely on intellectual property (IP) portfolios as strategic tools for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. IP once viewed merely as a legal shield has now become a core component of strategic management. Companies such as IBM, Google, Intel, Qualcomm, Huawei, and Apple have built extensive, technology-driven IP portfolios that support dominance in sectors like artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, automation, and green technologies. IP portfolios now function not only as legal assets but as strategic weapons that shape market leadership, deter competition, and attract investment. This paper examines how IP strategies defensive, offensive, and technology-forward enable firms to build competitiveness in the modern innovation economy.},
        keywords = {IP portfolio, IP strategies, competitiveness, IoT, AI, strategic management, emerging technologies},
        month = {December},
        }