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@article{188787,
        author = {Ravindra Pratap Singh and Dr. Saaduz Zafar Ali and Dr. Kunvar Dileep Pratap Singh},
        title = {Stress Proteins and Genotoxic Biomarkers Reveal Dose-Dependent Arsenic Toxicity in Clarias batrachus},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {7932-7942},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=188787},
        abstract = {This study investigates the genotoxic, biochemical, and histopathological effects of arsenic exposure in Clarias batrachus using a multi-biomarker approach. Fish were exposed to graded concentrations of arsenic, and responses were assessed through micronucleus and comet assays, antioxidant enzyme profiling, lipid peroxidation analysis, and tissue histopathology. Results showed a clear dose-dependent increase in DNA damage, evidenced by elevated micronuclei frequency and comet tail length. Biochemical analysis revealed initial stimulation followed by depletion of SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, along with a sharp rise in MDA levels, indicating oxidative stress and membrane damage. Histopathological observations supported these findings, showing progressive degenerative changes in liver, gill, and kidney tissues. The integrated biomarkers demonstrate that arsenic induces significant genomic instability, oxidative injury, and organ damage in Clarias batrachus, highlighting its ecotoxicological risk in freshwater environments.},
        keywords = {Arsenic toxicity, Clarias batrachus, genotoxicity, micronucleus assay, comet assay, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, histopathology, MDA, aquatic toxicology.},
        month = {December},
        }