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@article{189650,
        author = {Rabi Raj Bhatt and Sukhman Kaur and Vineet Kumar and Kamaldeep Kaur},
        title = {Nanotechnology in Diagnostic Methods: Current Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2025},
        volume = {12},
        number = {7},
        pages = {8108-8113},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189650},
        abstract = {Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative force in diagnostic medicine by enabling ultrasensitive detection, rapid analysis, miniaturization of devices, and integration with point-of-care testing platforms. Nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, graphene, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and plasmonic nanostructures possess unique physicochemical properties that significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy and speed. These materials have been successfully applied in biosensing, molecular diagnostics, medical imaging, wearable sensors, and lab-on-chip technologies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology-based diagnostic methods, including material platforms, detection mechanisms, and clinical applications. It also critically examines translational challenges such as reproducibility, toxicity, regulatory approval, and large-scale manufacturing. Emerging trends including artificial intelligence integration, digital diagnostics, and personalized medicine are discussed. The article highlights how nanotechnology is reshaping modern diagnostics and outlines future directions for safe and scalable clinical adoption.},
        keywords = {Nanotechnology, diagnostics, biosensors, gold nanoparticles, graphene, point-of-care testing, nanomedicine},
        month = {December},
        }