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@article{189882,
        author = {A.RAMESH and P.RAVICHANDRAN and B.MATHESWARAN and P.POOVARASAN and S.RAJESHKUMAR and S.SIVASANKAR},
        title = {DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A LOW-COST SMART FARM PROTECTION SYSTEM USING FIRE AND ANIMAL INTRUSION DETECTION},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {823-830},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=189882},
        abstract = {Agricultural fields are increasingly vulnerable to losses caused by fire accidents and animal intrusion, particularly in remote and forest-adjacent regions. This paper presents the design and fabrication of a low-cost smart farm protection system that provides continuous monitoring and automated safety responses using sensor-based detection and IoT communication. The proposed system integrates smoke, flame, and temperature sensors to detect fire hazards, along with PIR motion and IR beam sensors for identifying animal intrusion. A microcontroller-based control unit processes sensor data and triggers appropriate actions, including audible alarms, automated water sprinklers for fire suppression, and real-time alerts to farmers via GSM or Wi-Fi connectivity. To ensure sustainable operation, the system is powered by a solar energy unit with battery backup, making it suitable for rural areas with limited access to electricity. The developed solution is cost-effective, energy-efficient, easy to deploy, and scalable for farms of different sizes. Experimental results demonstrate that the system effectively minimizes crop damage by providing timely alerts and rapid response, thereby improving farm security and supporting sustainable agricultural practices.},
        keywords = {Smart agriculture, Farm protection system, Fire detection, Animal intrusion detection, IoT-based monitoring, Sensor networks, Solar-powered systems, GSM communication.},
        month = {January},
        }