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@article{190586,
        author = {S Karthiyayini and S. Ramesh},
        title = {Developing and Validating an Instrument to Assess the Resilience of School Heads},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {3457-3461},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=190586},
        abstract = {Resilience is an essential attribute for school heads who must effectively lead institutions through academic, administrative, and interpersonal challenges. In an era of rapid educational change, social pressures, and professional stress, resilient leadership is crucial for sustaining school performance and teacher well-being. Recognizing the absence of a standardized tool to measure resilience among school heads, this study was undertaken to develop and validate a reliable scale for this purpose. The initial version of the Resilience Scale for School Heads consisted of 50 items, formulated on the basis of five key dimensions of resilience: Social Connection, Problem Solving, Persistence, Emotional Regulation, and Compassion. Each item was rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from Strongly Disagree (1) to Strongly Agree (5). The preliminary form of the tool was administered to 100 school heads to examine its psychometric parameters. Statistical analyses including the t-test for item discrimination, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability, and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for normality were employed to refine the scale. Following the analysis, 12 items were eliminated due to low discrimination or redundancy, resulting in a final scale of 38 items with strong internal consistency and high reliability. The finalized scale effectively measures resilience across the five dimensions, offering a valid framework for assessing and enhancing the adaptive capacities of school heads in the educational context.},
        keywords = {},
        month = {January},
        }