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@article{190906,
        author = {Tarnoom khan},
        title = {Intrauterine Device},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {8},
        pages = {4515-4523},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=190906},
        abstract = {Intrauterine devices (IUDs) represent one of the most e active and safe long-acting reversible contraceptive methods available in modern reproductive health. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of intrauterine devices, including their historical development, types, mechanisms of action, advantages, disadvantages, and clinical applications. The contraceptive e activeness of IUDs is estimated at 99.2-99.9%, making them comparable to sterilization methods. This review examines two primary types of IUDs: non-hormonal copper-mediated devices and hormonal devices releasing levonorgestrel or progesterone. The copper IUD works through spermicidal action and in amatory response, while hormonal IUDs function by thickening cervical mucus,
thinning the endometrium, and suppressing ovulation. Both types o er reversibility, cost-
e activeness, and long-term protection ranging from 3 to 12 years. This article discusses the anatomical considerations for IUD placement, the menstrual cycle changes associated with IUD use, advantages including low maintenance and absence of systemic hormonal
e acts, and potential disadvantages such as heavier menstrual bleeding and increased cramping. Additionally, modern applications of IUDs extend beyond contraception, including emergency contraception, treatment for heavy menstrual bleeding, and management of pelvic pain associated with endometriosis. The article concludes that IUDs remain a highly suitable option for women seeking e active, reversible, and long-term contraception, particularly those in stable relationships and without risk of sexually transmitted infections.},
        keywords = {Intrauterine Device (IUD), Copper-T, Levonorgestrel, Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC), Contraceptive E cacy, Reproductive Health},
        month = {January},
        }