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@article{192441,
        author = {Dr. Seemant Kumar Dubey and Dr. Vivekananda Dey},
        title = {Evaluating the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Code on Blood Doping},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {9},
        pages = {1570-1577},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=192441},
        abstract = {Blood doping remains one of the most challenging forms of performance enhancement to regulate in modern sport due to its physiological effectiveness, evolving methods, and difficulties in detection. Practices such as erythropoietin (EPO) use and blood transfusions artificially increase oxygen delivery to muscles, providing a significant competitive advantage while posing serious health risks to athletes. In response to these concerns, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) established the World Anti-Doping Code (WADC) to create a harmonized global framework for preventing, detecting, and sanctioning doping violations, including blood manipulation.
This research paper evaluates the effectiveness of the WADA Code in addressing blood doping by examining its historical development, regulatory provisions, and enforcement mechanisms. The study analyzes key revisions of the Code since its introduction in 2004, with particular attention to how evolving scientific knowledge and detection technologies—such as the Athlete Biological Passport—have influenced policy adaptations. The paper also considers the strengths of the Code, including global harmonization, standardized sanctions, and improved testing protocols, alongside persistent challenges such as implementation disparities across nations, sophisticated evasion strategies, and legal and ethical concerns related to athlete rights.
By critically assessing both the regulatory framework and its practical application, this paper seeks to determine whether the WADA Code effectively deters blood doping and maintains fairness and integrity in international sport. The findings highlight the Code’s pivotal role in shaping anti-doping governance while emphasizing the need for continued policy refinement, scientific innovation, and international cooperation to address emerging threats and ensure equitable enforcement.},
        keywords = {World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), World Anti-Doping Code (WADC), Blood Doping, Erythropoietin (EPO), Blood Transfusions, Anti-Doping Policy, Doping Detection Methods, Anti-Doping Enforcement, Global Harmonization, Sports Ethics, Athlete Health, Anti-Doping Testing Procedures, Blood Manipulation Techniques; Endurance Sports, Policy Evaluation etc.},
        month = {February},
        }