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@article{193100,
        author = {Dr. Umme Aman Saba and Dr. Amreen Begum and Dr. Syeda Abidunnisa},
        title = {Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (Kasrat-e-Tams) and Its Association with Hemoglobin and Serum Ferritin: An Integrative Review},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {9},
        pages = {4090-4093},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=193100},
        abstract = {Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) represents one of the most common gynecological complaints among women of reproductive age and constitutes a major contributor to iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia worldwide. Modern clinical research has consistently demonstrated a strong association between excessive menstrual blood loss, reduced hemoglobin concentration, and depletion of iron stores as reflected by serum ferritin levels. Parallel to contemporary biomedical understanding, Unani medicine describes excessive menstrual bleeding under the entities of Kasrat-e-Tams or Kathrat-e-Hayd and attributes its pathogenesis to humoral imbalance, altered uterine temperament, and weakness of uterine vasculature. Classical Unani physicians also recognized the systemic consequences of prolonged menstrual blood loss, including generalized weakness and conditions resembling anemia. This narrative review aims to integrate modern evidence on the relationship between HMB, hemoglobin, and ferritin with classical Unani concepts, highlighting points of convergence and the potential role of an integrative approach in clinical practice.},
        keywords = {Heavy menstrual bleeding; Iron deficiency anemia; Serum ferritin; Hemoglobin; Kasrat-e-Tams; Unani medicine.},
        month = {February},
        }