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@article{195436,
        author = {Dr. Tabish Ahmed Shaikh and Tabish Ahmed Shaikh},
        title = {The Global Surrogacy Nexus: Market Demand, Legal Implementation, and Ethical Frontiers},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1420-1424},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=195436},
        abstract = {The global surrogacy industry has transitioned from a fringe medical procedure to a central pillar of the multi-billion-dollar fertility market. As of 2026, the industry is valued at approximately $32.31 billion, with a projected surge to over $195 billion by 2034. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the "Surrogacy Nexus," examining the clinical indications and success rates that drive demand, the fragmented legal models of implementation, and the religious and ethical tensions that govern the practice. It specifically synthesizes 2024-2025 data regarding maternal morbidity and neonatal outcomes. The paper concludes by exploring the technological disruption of ectogenesis and advocating for a harmonized international treaty to protect the rights of surrogates, parents, and children born through these arrangements.},
        keywords = {Gestational Surrogacy, Reproductive Tourism, Bioethics, UFI, Nasab, Ectogenesis, HCCH.},
        month = {April},
        }