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@article{196784,
        author = {Bijal M. Shukla and Usha J. Parmar and Kinjal M. Thacker and Vijaykumar R. Ram},
        title = {Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Soil and Water: Mechanisms, Plant Materials, and Field Applications},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {4767-4772},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=196784},
        abstract = {Phytoremediation is a solar-powered technology that harnesses plants and microorganisms of their rhizospheres to clean up HM pollution in soils and water systems. In contrast to expensive physiochemical treatment methods that are usually invasive to the environment, plants can act as a sustainable solution for the treatment of non-decomposable HMs, such as Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. The present paper aims to summarize the existing literature concerning the principal pathways of phytoremediation, such as phytoextraction, phyto-stabilization, rhizofiltration, and phytovolatilization, and discusses the choice of plant material, including terrestrial hyperaccumulator plants, like Noccaea caerulescens; high biomass production plants and aquatic macrophytes, such as Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor. Although the practical implementation of phytoremediation may face several limitations, such as low rates of cleanup and toxic effect of metals on plants, recent advances in studies of the interaction between plants and microorganisms, gene editing using CRISPR, and application of soil amendments, such as biochar and chelators, make phytoremediation a promising technique.},
        keywords = {Aquatic Macrophytes, Bioavailability, Phytoremediation, -},
        month = {April},
        }