Copyright © 2026 Authors retain the copyright of this article. This article is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

@article{196859,
        author = {Ayegbayo Ayooluwa and Babamboni Adekunle S. and Azeez Adedeji H. and Farinde Adedapo A. and Ogunleye Victoria T.},
        title = {LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS AS A MEANS OF NAVIGATION WITHIN THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS, AKOKA},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {5016-5027},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=196859},
        abstract = {Navigation within university campuses is essential for efficient movement and user experience, especially in large and complex environments. Landscape elements such as pathways, vegetation, landmarks, and open spaces can serve as natural guides that support spatial orientation and movement. However, most studies on campus navigation focus primarily on signage and architectural structures, with limited attention to the role of landscape design. This study examines landscape elements as a means of navigation within the university community, using University of Lagos, Akoka Campus, as a case study. The aim is to evaluate how landscape features contribute to navigation and campus legibility. The objectives include identifying existing landscape elements that aid movement, assessing users’ experiences of these elements, and proposing improvements. A mixed-method approach will be adopted, involving site observation, and questionnaires administered to students and staff. The collected data will be analyzed using descriptive methods to evaluate the effectiveness of landscape elements as navigation tools within the campus environment.},
        keywords = {Campus planning, Environmental legibility, Landscape design, Spatial cognition, University campuses, Wayfinding.},
        month = {April},
        }