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@article{197142,
        author = {SEEMA MEHTA and Dr. SUSHIL SINGH},
        title = {Comparing the Bhagavad Gita and Modern Management Theories: Towards an Emerging Management Paradigm},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {7254-7258},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=197142},
        abstract = {The evolution of management thought has traversed classical, behavioral, and modern theoretical frameworks emphasizing efficiency, leadership, and motivation. However, these approaches often focus predominantly on material and psychological dimensions, neglecting the moral, ethical, and spiritual aspects of human behavior in organizations. The Bhagavad Gita, an ancient Indian scripture, offers timeless insights into leadership, motivation, and self-management through its philosophy of Karma Yoga (selfless action), Nishkama Karma (detachment from outcomes), and Swadharma (righteous duty). This review examines existing literature on modern management theories—particularly Maslow’s self-actualization and Drucker’s Management by Objectives (MBO)—in comparison with the Bhagavad Gita’s spiritual paradigm. It further identifies gaps in integrating ethical and spiritual values with managerial rationality and proposes the foundation for an Emerging Management Paradigm (EMP) that harmonizes external performance with inner consciousness.},
        keywords = {Bhagavad Gita, Management Theories, EMP, Maslow, MBO},
        month = {April},
        }