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@article{197401,
        author = {Chandhana S and A C Anirudh Raj and Nehan Shetty and Prof Lokesh L and Dr.Shashidhar Tantry},
        title = {A Hybrid Active and Passive Cell Balancing Approach for Battery Management Systems in Electric Vehicles},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {9673-9681},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=197401},
        abstract = {Battery’s safety management system can be abbreviated as BMS. An electronic battery management system which charges the battery rechargeable. It keeps track of the battery to make sure it is safe to use. The main purpose of it to keep a tab on the battery. The status of battery monitors the voltage temperature current etc. The battery may comprise a single cell or a module. There are a few cells in this module. The battery pack contains many modules. The calculation of secondary data is performed by BMS. Secondary data includes SOC, SOH (state of health gas), and others. A battery management system protects the battery from operating outside its safe requirement. An emission test checks the exhaust system of an automobile. It is a verification of whether the automobile vehicle meets the pollution standards set by law. All vehicles require a particular emission standard for their vehicles. The testing of a gas analyzer instrument is according to the ISO 17025 emission standard. The specialized gas analyser checks the toxic or noxious emissions released by a vehicle. The noxious gases they test include CO, CO2, NO and HC. Once the law prescribes the emission standard of the vehicle, it seeks certification and the corresponding documentation of the emission model.},
        keywords = {Battery Management System, Cell Balancing, Electric Vehicles, Passive Balancing, Active Balancing, MATLAB Simulink, State-of-Charge (SoC), State-of-health (SoH).},
        month = {April},
        }