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@article{199079,
        author = {Rishi Gupta and Dr. Monali Chaudhari and Shreyash Bhute},
        title = {Aves Recon: Development of an IoT-Enabled Ornithopter for Covert Aerial Surveillance},
        journal = {International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology},
        year = {2026},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {13954-13961},
        issn = {2349-6002},
        url = {https://ijirt.org/article?manuscript=199079},
        abstract = {This paper presents Aves Recon, a novel IoT-enabled biomimetic ornithopter designed for covert aerial surveillance. The system mimics avian flapping-wing locomotion using an 84:1 gearbox-driven crank mechanism operating at 5–7 Hz, achieving a measured thrust of 367 g from a 400 g flight-weight airframe constructed from carbon fiber and ripstop nylon. An ESP32 microcontroller integrates dual-core flight control (PID, 100 Hz), LoRa long-range communication (SX1278, 433 MHz, SF9, measured packet loss 1.9% at 500 m), Wi-Fi-based FPV video streaming (ESP32-CAM, 640×480, 15 fps, 120ms latency), MPU6050 inertial measurement (±0.3 static accuracy, 1.8 s convergence), and HC-SR04 ultrasonic obstacle sensing. A cloud-based MQTT dashboard hosted on AWS with Node-RED visualization provides real-time telemetry and remote command capability. Blade Element Momentum (BEM) aerodynamic analysis predicts 488 g lift at 6.5 Hz, providing a 15% margin over the 450 g all-up weight target. Power budget analysis projects 18.5-minute flight endurance on a 3S 2200mAh LiPo battery. MATLAB/Simulink and Gazebo/ROS simulation environments validate the control architecture prior to hardware deployment. The full system component cost is approximately INR 12,740 (USD ~153), demonstrating accessibility for academic research deployment. This paper details the complete design methodology spanning aerodynamics, mechanical design, electronic architecture, firmware, simulation, and experimental observations, addressing identified gaps in IoT integration, cloud dashboards, and payload capacity in existing ornithopter literature.},
        keywords = {Ornithopter, Biomimetic UAV, IoT Surveillance, ESP32, Flapping-Wing Robotics, LoRa Communication, MPU6050, Covert Aerial Monitoring, Blade Element Method, PID Control.},
        month = {April},
        }